Cómo instalar MySQL en un contenedor Docker paso a paso

Instalar Docker

Te dejo un guía rápida para poner Docker en Ubuntu: ¿Cómo instalar Docker en Ubuntu?

Ejecuta un contenedor de MySQL en segundo plano. La contraseña del usuario root es "test".

docker run --rm -it -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=test -d mysql

-d: Lanza el contenedor en background y muestra su ID

--rm: Borra el contenedor al salir

Ver contenedores activos

docker ps

CONTAINER ID      IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                 NAMES
8ee2e6c8174d      mysql         "docker-entrypoint.s…"   9 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds        3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   condescending_snyder

Acceder al shell de MySQL

docker exec -it 8ee2e6c8174d mysql -u root -ptest

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.15 MySQL Community Server - GPL

mysql>

Inspeccionar detalles del contenedor

Revisa redes, volúmenes y más configuraciones.

docker inspect 8ee2e6c8174d

[
    {
        "Id": "8ee2e6c8174d4138026f1d54addf9aadc7fbe22727c7f1fb9ca996ce5f7601b2",
        "Created": "2019-03-28T20:53:46.84185469Z",
        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "mysqld"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
        ...
        "Networks": {
            "bridge": {
                "IPAMConfig": null,
                "Links": null,
                "Aliases": null,
                "NetworkID": "4c9f618087d8f2e6924e7683cfb98055d8cc9a4ec8d0427bd188b5b7c34c0b3f",
                "EndpointID": "cd5d96ad898831d3cc2d0941633533fdf8dcc6cdb0564164c49cad1a2399e8bf",
                "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                "DriverOpts": null
            }
        }
    }
]

Conectar a MySQL por IP

mysql -u root -ptest -h 172.17.0.2

Listar todos los contenedores (activos y parados)

docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID     IMAGE       COMMAND                 CREATED            STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES
8ee2e6c8174d      mysql      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago     Up 2 minutes                3306/tcp, 33060/tcp      condescending_snyder
913f33f5a848      mysql      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   12 minutes ago    Exited (0) 11 minutes ago                            jovial_dubinsky
b36cf8b3b664      mysql      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   22 minutes ago    Exited (1) 22 minutes ago                            cocky_mcnulty

Ver todas las imágenes

docker images

REPOSITORY                            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql                                 latest              7bb2586065cd        45 hours ago        477MB